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Professor Nataliya Venger’s "Unger Factory". Russian Article, translated by Glenn Miller. |
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In 1921, the management of the Factory No. 11 (formerly enterprise Unger) applied to the Provincial Trade Union Committee for the awarding of engineers Leonard Abramovich Unger, Abraham Petrovich Unger and Jakob Gerhardovich Rempel who designed and assembled a prototype of the Zaporozhets tractor. As appears from the documents, Unger's enterprise continued to work even in conditions of devastation and famine. At a time when most of the plants were idle, labor productivity at the enterprise was 66% of the pre-war level, which was the highest in the district. The former owners of the plant not only continued their labor activity in the framework of their formerly owned productions, but also organized the release of a new, revolutionary and vital product for the country. The importance of the machine developed and produced by them is difficult to overestimate. In this connection, the inevitable question arises: What was the reason for this zeal? Is it possible to characterize these intentions as collaborationism, work in a new regime? The answer to this question may be found in the field of the psychology of a person who was in a state of profound ideological crisis. We can only assume that, . probably, the Ungers' actions were due to their understanding of the political situation, concern for their own enterprise. The rational Protestant worldview of the Mennonites did not allow even the grain of doubt that '’anarchy'* could not last forever, and the Bolsheviks, who came to power, would not be able to hold on thus indefinitely. In the mentality of these entrepreneurs there was a feeling of actual "genetic" responsibility for their enterprise, the desire to keep it in working order, to save it from complete destruction and expropriation. Demonstrating his loyalty to the new authorities, A. Unger sought protection against the constant requisitions that were accomplished by rural committees (KOMNEZAMOZH), detached military formations and local executive committees. Here are excerpts from the letter, which seems to us very revealing in assessing the events of that period, but on the whole characterizes the position of man "from the past." The plant's manager, Leonard Abramovich Unger, appealed to the Aleksandrovsky district department of SEL'MASH, complaining that "the KOMNEZAMOZ and the executive committee still cannot abandon the view [of him] as a representative of a class and that he did not enjoy the protection of the law and, therefore, imposed all sorts of duties , taxes, requisitions, confiscations, compulsory consolidation, and so on, which has happened many timesIn 1920 the enterprise was transferred to the Soviet of the National Economy. At first, Leonard served as factory manager, received a salary as a technical worker, and then was appointed technical leader. Turning to the new authorities, he assured them that "none of the family members were in the anti-Soviet armies and took part in insurrections" (which, of course, was the complete truth), and "from the very beginning of the revolution, despite the changed circumstances, [he] treated in good faith to duties assigned to the plantNevertheless, despite the evidence of loyal attitude and willingness to cooperate, as early as 1921 members of the Unger family were deprived of the right to vote and included in the list of kulaks. Their appeals to the Zaporozhye executive committee did not work. The meeting of the Zaporizhzhya Presidium on June 16,1921 denied a petition for exclusuon from the "black list". SEL'MASH = Probably Russian acronym for "Rural Machine" KOMNEZAMOZH = Literally means"Committee of Poor Peasants"
Originaltext aus "Меннонитское предпринимательство в условиях модернизации Юга России: между конгрегацией, кланом и российским обществом (1789-1920): монография. Н. В. Венгер. Днепропетровск, 2009." S. 469-470
В 1921 г. руководство завода № 11 (бывшее предприятие Унгера) обратилось в Губернский профсоюзный комитет с просьбой о награждении инженеров Леонарда Абрамовича Унгера, Абрахама Петровича Унгера и Якоба Гергардовича Рэмпеля, которые сконструировали и собрали опытный образец трактора «Запорожец». Как следует из документов, предприятие Унгера продолжало работать даже в условиях разрухи и голода. В то время, когда большинство заводов простаивало, производительность труда на предприятии составляла 66% довоенной, что было самым высоким показателем по району. Бывшие владельцы завода не только продолжали свою трудовую деятельность в рамках ранее принадлежавших им производств, но и организовали выпуск новой, революционной и жизненно необходимой для страны продукции. Важность разработанной и произведённой ими машины сложно переоценить. |
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Zuletzt geändert am 10 Dezember, 2017 |